Adenosine A 2A receptor activation inhibits T helper 1 and T helper 2 cell development and effector function

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy and Synbiotic Combination Shift T-Helper 1 and Cytotoxic T Cells in Allergic Rhinitis

Background: Synbiotics have been used in the prevention and treatment of various immunological diseases. We aimed to investigate the synergistic clinical and immunologic effects of synbiotics and subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) combination in patients with allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods: Nineteen individuals with all...

Fibroblast and T cells conditioned media induce maturation dendritic cell and promote T helper immune response

Dendritic cells (DCs) induce pathogen-specific T cell responses. We comprehensively studied the effects of addition of maturation stimulus, fibroblasts (fibroblast conditioned medium), PHA activated T cells (T cell conditioned medium), and mixture of fibroblast & PHA activated T cells (FCM-TCCM) conditioned media on maturation of DCs. Monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for five days. ...

Murine leishmaniosis: a paradigm for the importance of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells.

The murine model of leishmaniosis is a prototypic example for the critical role played by T helper cells in immunity to pathogens. Cytokines, such as interleukin-12 and interleukin-4, are the major regulatory factors for differentiation of naive T helper cells into T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells, respectively. T helper 1 cells, which are cellular immune mechanisms involving gamma interferon pr...

controversial concepts regarding t helper 1 and t helper 2 cytokines in hepatitis c virus infected patients

serum profile of t helper 1 and t helper 2 cytokines in hepatitis c virus infected patients

background t-helper (th) lymphocyte cytokine production may be important in the immune pathogenesis of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections. th1 cytokines such as; interleukin- 2 (il-2), and interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) are necessary for host antiviral immune responses, while th2 cytokines (il-4, il-10) can inhibit the development of these effector mechanisms. objectives the aim of the present st...